阅读理解总丢分？6个方法迅速找到答案（六）
高考阅读理解解题技巧（六）——作者观点、态度题
阅读的目的不仅在于读懂文章字面上的意义，还要求在理解文章大意的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意(learn to read between the lines)。《考试大纲》要求考生能作出简单判断和推理、能理解作者的意图和态度。这一能力要求常常通过推理引申题来考查。
1. 常见的提问方式
When the writer talks about ..., what the writer really means is ...
The writer’s attitude towards ... is ...
Which point of view may the author agree to?
In the author’s opinion, ...
The author suggests that ...
2. 解题方法
这类题要求我们由“已知的”去推断“未知的”，属于一种深层次的理解。在阅读时对隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、态度、观点、意图等要依据文章的主题思想进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。推断作者观点和态度时，不要把自己的态度掺入其中，还要注意区分作者的观点、态度和作者引用别人的观点、态度，当作者没有明确表示态度时，要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断。
常用的褒义词有： positive, supportive, useful, interesting, enthusiastic, admiring, great, wonderful, beautiful, fantastic ...
常用的贬义词有: disgusting, critical, negative, disappointed, awful ...
3. 高考真题
Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at Photo 51. It wasn’t much — a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed — the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden, “if her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.
At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule (分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.
But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.”
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”
No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.
60. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A. Disapproving. B. Respectful.
C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.
