解析限制性与非限制性定语从句的比较
定语从句:
定语从句是一种用句子作定语修饰名词的主从复合句,通常直接跟在被修饰的名词后面。被修饰的名词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词引导。关系代词连接定语从句和先行词,本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
I know the man who spoke to you just now.
先行词 关系代词(who)在定语从句中作主语
我认识刚才和你说话的那个人。
一、限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句对先行词具有限制和确定作用,如果去掉,主句的意义就会变得不明确。书面上,限制性定语从句前后没有逗号。例如:
The company needs to hire a secretary who can speak English and French.
公司须聘用一个会说英语和法语的秘书。
The pop singer (whom/that) the fans wanted to see was very friendly.
粉丝们想见的通俗歌手态度很友好。
The school sports meet which was held yesterday was success.
昨天举行的校运会很成功。
This is the computer (which/that) my parents bought me as a birthday present.
这是我父母作为生日礼物给我买的电脑。
The girl (who/whom/that) I saw was very beautiful.
刚才我看到的那个女孩子很漂亮。
A man who doesn't want to learn form others can't achieve much.
一个不想向别人学习的人是不会有多大成就的。
2、限制性定语从句的特点
(1)、限制性定语从句是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或事物。
(2)、限制性定语从句一般是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就会失去意义或者表述不明确。
(3)、限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
二、非限制性定语从句
1、 非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句对先行词起说明、描绘的作用。如果去掉,不影响主句的意义。书面上,非限制性定语从句前后用逗号与主句分开。关系代词不能用that,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
Bill Gates, who is successful in Microsoft industry, has done a lot in helping the poor.
比尔·盖茨在微软产业取得成功,做了很多事帮助穷人。
Michael Jackson, whom all young people like, sang many nice songs.
迈克·杰克逊唱过很多好歌,所有的年轻人都喜欢他。
The World Expo, which was held in Shanghai in 2010, attracted tens of thousands of visitors.
世博会曾于2010年在上海举办,吸引了成千上万的参观者。
His plays, which teenagers enjoy very much, are about school life.
他的戏剧青少年很受看,是有关学校生活的。
2、限制性与非限制性定语从句的比较:
(1). Professor Wang has a daughter, who works in Shanghai.
王教授有一个女儿,在上海工作。
注:从句为非限制性定语从句。隐含义为:王教授只有一个女儿。
(2). Professor Wang has a daughter who works in Shanghai.
王教授有一个女儿,在上海工作。