英语中主谓一致原则总结
第一:
主谓一致很复杂,但是只要记住下面的16条"表里不一"现象,足以应付考试了。
第二:
一般现在时态中谓语和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下:
1、"more than one +单数名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2、many a +单数名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3、"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
Three fourths of the students in our class are boys.(我班四分之三的学生是男生。)
4、all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5、what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如: What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6、and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如: No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7、当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,togetherwith,but,like,ratherthan,except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词遵守就前原则,即跟前面的名词形式保持一致。例如: My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8、each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.
例如: They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9、动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.
例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10、the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.
例如: The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11、以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.
例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等
12、有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适. 另外,还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes.contents.minites(记录).remains(遗体).thanks等
13、"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.
例如:One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14、"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.
例如: One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
15、"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.
例如:He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
16、表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数。
例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.